CVE-2023-31446 Exploited in the Wild — Cassia Gateway

Known Exploited Vulnerability Sources

Catalogues that list this CVE as a known exploited vulnerability.

Per-source evidence links for KEV attestations are available through the KEVIntel Pro API.

Source	Added
The Shadowserver First	2025-07-07 00:00 UTC

Scanner Artifacts

Scanner and exploit-framework references linked to this CVE.

Scanner	Reference	Detected
Nuclei	https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2023/CVE-2023-31446.yaml	Apr 25, 2025

Virtual Patch

Compensating WAF rules to help reduce exposure to this CVE. Rule content and deployable vendor exports are available with KEVIntel Enterprise.

Not available

KEVIntel does not currently have a virtual patch for this CVE. When available, KEVIntel virtual patches ship as deployable ModSecurity, Cloudflare, and AWS WAF rules.

Enterprise feature. Virtual patch rule content and deployable vendor exports (ModSecurity, Cloudflare, AWS WAF) are available to KEVIntel Enterprise users.

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CVSS Scores

CVSS v3.1 9.8 Critical

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploitation Status

Exploited in the wild

Recorded 2026-06-14 00:00:00 UTC · The Shadowserver

Proof of concept available

Recorded 2024-01-06 12:23:50 UTC · GitHub

Weaknesses (CWE)

CWE-77

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Scanner Integrations

Nuclei, Metasploit, and other scanner references for this CVE are listed on the Detection tab.

Potential Proof of Concepts

These PoCs are unverified and could contain malware. Use at your own risk.

Dodge-MPTC/CVE-2023-31446-Remote-Code-Execution

github · Created 2024-01-06 12:23:50 UTC · 4 stars

Repository contains description for CVE-2023-31446

Cassia Gateway Firmware - Remote Code Execution

nuclei · Created Unknown

Timeline

Key exploitation, disclosure, scanner coverage, and KEV attestation events for this CVE.

7 Jul 2025 00:00 UTC about 1 year ago

7 Jul 2025 00:00 UTC · about 1 year ago

Added to KEVIntel KEV Feed

High-confidence, third-party attested exploitation
25 Apr 2025 00:00 UTC over 1 year ago

25 Apr 2025 00:00 UTC · over 1 year ago

Nuclei template available

Scanner coverage available
10 Jan 2024 00:00 UTC over 2 years ago

10 Jan 2024 00:00 UTC · over 2 years ago

CVE published

Vulnerability disclosed publicly
6 Jan 2024 12:23 UTC over 2 years ago

6 Jan 2024 12:23 UTC · over 2 years ago

Public PoC available

Public proof-of-concept code published
28 Apr 2023 00:00 UTC over 3 years ago

28 Apr 2023 00:00 UTC · over 3 years ago

CVE ID reserved

Identifier reserved by the CNA

Automate This Intelligence with the Pro API

Confidence scoring, exploit status, sensor telemetry, PoCs, scanner integrations, mentions, and tags are available programmatically for VM, SOC, and CTI workflows.

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Pro API Example

GET /api/v2/pro/kevs/CVE-2023-31446

{
  "cve_id": "CVE-2023-31446",
  "title": "In Cassia Gateway firmware XC1000_2.1.1.2303082218 and XC2000_2.1.1.230309094...",
  "affected_vendor": "Cassia Networks",
  "affected_product": "Cassia Gateway",
  "affected_versions": [
    { "vendor": "...", "product": "...", "status": "affected", "display_label": "..." }
  ],
  "confidence": "High",
  "cvss_score": 9.8,
  "epss_score": 0.61081,
  "exploit_status": {
    "exploited_in_the_wild": true,
    "active_exploitation_observed": false
  },
  "sensor_telemetry": { "...": "Pro API fields" },
  "proof_of_concepts": [ "..." ],
  "scanner_integrations": [ "..." ]
}

The free JSON API returns basic KEV fields only. Confidence, telemetry, and artifact enrichment require Pro API access.

CVE-2023-31446

At a Glance

CVE References